I am asked often what are some of the SEO techniques with respect to implementing web content which is effectively indexed by Google as well as other search engines.  I would tend to emphasize the following:

1. Use HTML h1 tags and provide meaningful content.
2. Use HTML title tag and provide meaningful content.
3. Use HTML meta tag with names="keywords" attribute and companion content attribute for providing meaningful keyword terms.
4. Use HTML meta tag with names="description" attribute and companion content attribute for providing meaningful content.
5. When using HTML img tag, be sure to provide meaningful content within alt attribute.
6. Review use of anchor tags to ensure meaningful content.
7. Use HTML noscript tag to retain meaningful and indexable content.
8. Use status code 301 for permanent redirects where applicable instead of status code 302.  Better yet, do a URL rewrite rather than a redirect.
9. Use sub-domains rather than folder names where possible and make sure the sub-domains have meaningful content.
10. When using user friendly URLs, make sure the URL content terms are meaningful and separated by dashes.
11. Use Internet standards compliant Site Maps whenever possible.